First case of sloth fever virus reported in Europe

WEB DESK: Widespread fear has spread in Europe as cases of sloth fever were detected in different parts of Europe.

The sloth fever, or oropouche virus, is a tropical pathogen traditionally confined to the Americas. It has now been detected in Europe, appearing in Spain, Italy, and Germany.

Oropouche virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted through bites from midges and occasionally mosquitoes. It was first discovered in Trinidad and Tobago in 1955 and is known as “sloth fever” due to its association with sloths, though other animals may also carry the virus.

The disease presents symptoms akin to those of other tropical infections, including high fever, intense headaches, chills, muscle pain, joint discomfort, and skin rashes. Other symptoms may include light sensitivity, dizziness, eye pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Typically, symptoms last less than a week but may recur intermittently.

Between June and July 2024, 19 cases of oropouche virus were reported in Europe, with 18 linked to travel from Cuba and one from Brazil.

The cases were identified in Spain (12), Italy (5), and Germany (2). The primary carrier of the virus does not present in Europe, limiting the virus’s spread on the continent.

Although the detection of oropouche virus in Europe is unusual, the immediate risk to the general population is low. Experts say there is no evidence suggesting that European insects can transmit the virus.

However, travelers to regions where the virus is endemic face a moderate risk of infection. Most people with the sloth fever can recover within several days to a month, and severe outcomes are uncommon.

In Brazil, some potential cases of transmission from mother to fetus during pregnancy have been reported, with initial studies linking the virus to negative pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriages.

The findings are preliminary, and further research is required.

There is currently no vaccine or specific treatment for oropouche virus. Preventive strategies focus on avoiding insect bites.